Glossary A

Glossary A

Autonomy versus shame and doubt refers to the stage when infants develop autonomy or shame depending on the way parents react to their expression of will and their wish to do things for themselves.

Deutsch: Autonomie vs. Scham / Español: Autonomía vs. Vergüenza / Português: Autonomia vs. Vergonha / Français: Autonomie vs. Honte / Italiano: Autonomia vs. Vergogna

Autonomy vs. Shame is a stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development that typically occurs between the ages of 18 months and 3 years. During this critical period, children begin to assert their independence and develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and decision-making. Successful navigation of this stage leads to autonomy and confidence, while failure can result in feelings of shame and doubt in one's abilities.

- Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3 yrs) : Englisch: Erik Erikson 's Theory of Psychosocial Development Stages
Autonomy vs.

Deutsch: Autoplastische Anpassung / Español: Adaptación Autoplástica / Português: Adaptação Autoplástica / Français: Adaptation Autoplastique / Italiano: Adattamento Autoplastico /

Autoplastic adaptation refers to that form of adjustment which results from changes within an individual.

Autopoietic system refers to autonomous, self -producing systems with self-defined boundaries.

Autoreceptor refers to presynaptic receptor that is stimulated by the neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic cell itself, feeding back to decrease further release of the transmitter

Autoregulation refers to mechanism by which an organ regulates blood flow to match the metabolic rate.

Autoshaping refer to responses that are learned in experimental situations even though they are not necessary to obtain reinforcement. Autoshaped behaviors, like pecking in pigeons usually appear to be part of the organism’s repertoire of "natural” behaviors. A type of sign tracking in which a pigeon comes to automatically peck at a response key because the key light has been associated with the response-independent delivery of food is an example of Autoshaping.