Glossary A

Deutsch: Tierversuche / Español: Investigación con animales / Português: Pesquisa com animais / Français: Recherche animale / Italiano: Ricerca sugli animali

Animal Research refers to the systematic study of non-human animals to advance scientific knowledge, particularly in psychology, neuroscience, and biomedical fields. This practice aims to understand biological processes, model human conditions, and develop therapeutic interventions, though it remains ethically and methodologically contentious. Its applications range from behavioral studies to the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying cognition and emotion.

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Animal spirits refer to the substance Descartes and others Thought was located in the cavities of the brain. When this substance moved via the nerves from the brain to the muscles, th

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Animal studies refer to studies that attempt to test theories of psychopathology using animals

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Deutsch: Tierdressur / Español: Adiestramiento animal / Português: Treinamento de animais / Français: Dressage animal / Italiano: Addestramento animale

Animal training refers to the systematic application of behavioral principles to modify or shape the actions of non-human animals. Rooted in psychological theories such as operant and classical conditioning, it serves purposes ranging from domestication and entertainment to scientific research and conservation. The field intersects with ethology, comparative psychology, and applied behavior analysis, making it a multidisciplinary practice with broad implications.

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Animal type phobias refer to extreme fears of specific animals that may induce immediate and intense panic attacks and cause the individual to go to great lengths to avoid the animals.

Animism refers to the belief that all animals and all moving objects possess spirits providing their motive force.

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Animus refers to the male component of the female psyche.

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- Anna Freud (1895-1982) : Anna Freud became the official spokesperson for Psychoanalysis after her father's (Sigmund Freud) death. In addition to perpetuating traditional Psychoanalytic concepts, Anna Freud extended them into new areas such as child psychology, education, and child rearing. She encourage Ego Psychology, by elaborating on autonomous ego functions. Please see also Ego psychology.