Glossary / Lexicon

Learning refers to an enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior involving specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior experience with similar stimuli and responses. Learning also refers to any relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential that can be attributed to experience and practice or that results from one's experiences or practice.

Description

Learning in psychology refers to the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through experience, practice, study, or instruction. It involves a change in behavior or understanding as a result of these experiences. Learning can occur consciously or unconsciously and can be influenced by a variety of factors such as motivation, reinforcement, and cognitive abilities. It is a fundamental aspect of human development and plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Application Areas

• Educational psychology
• Clinical psychology
• Organizational psychology
• Behavioral psychology

Treatment and Risks

• Psychotherapy
• Behavioral interventions
• Risks of negative reinforcement leading to maladaptive behaviors
• Overreliance on rote memorization rather than deep understanding

Examples

• Classical conditioning, as demonstrated by Pavlov's experiments with dogs
• Operant conditioning, as studied by B.F. Skinner with his work on reinforcement
• Cognitive learning, as shown in problem-solving tasks or language acquisition

Similar Concepts and Synonyms

• Acquisition
• Adaptation
• Knowledge acquisition
• Information processing

Articles with 'Learning' in the title

• Acquisition (Learning): Acquisition (Learning): Acquisition (Learning ) is the time during which a CR first appears and increases in frequency in Operant conditioning. It is also, that part of operant conditioning in which an operant response is followed by a rein . . .
• Adaptive Behavior Inventory for Learning Skills: The Adaptive Behavior Inventory for Learning Skills (ABIL) is a tool used to assess adaptive behavior skills in children with developmental disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Auditory learning/learners: Auditory learning/learners: Auditory learning is one of the three (3) learning styles which refers to "learning through listening". Auditory learners learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to w . . .
• Avoidance learning: Avoidance learning refers to the avoidance of events or conditions associated with dreaded or aversive outcomes. Other /More definition: Avoidance learning refers to a type of learning to make a response in order to postpone or prevent disc . . .
• Biological constraints on learning: Biological constraints on learning refer to any limitations on an organism's capacity to learn that are caused by the inherited sensory, response, or cognitive capabilities of members of a given species
• Collaborative learning: Collaborative learning the third stage of cultural learning in the theory of cultural learning of Tomasello et al. which involves two (2) or more individuals, with neither being an authority or expert, and occurs in the process of peer inte . . .
• Context-independent learning: Context-independent learning is defined as learning of a skill or strategy independent of a specific situation in which the skill will be applied- acquiring knowledge for knowledge’s sake
• Continuous Learning: Continuous Learning: Continuous learning is the ongoing process of learning new skills or knowledge on a regular basis. This concept is particularly relevant in the context of psychology, where it refers to the capacity of individuals to co . . .
• Cooperative learning: Cooperative learning refer to exercises in which students are encouraged to assist each other so that the less competent members of the team are likely to benefit from the instruction they receive from their more skillful peers, who also be . . .
• Cooperative learning methods: Cooperative learning methods : Cooperative learning methods refers to an educational practice whereby children of different backgrounds or ability levels are assigned to teams- each team member works on problems geared to his or her abili . . .
• Cultural learning: Cultural learning refers to the transmission of acquired information and behavior both within and across generations with a high degree of fidelity. The theory of Tomasello and colleagues proposes three (3) stage-like levels of Cultural lea . . .
• Discovery learning: Discovery learning refer to insight and understanding. Discovery learning is also defined as the acquisition of new information or knowledge largely because of the learner’s own efforts
• Imitative learning: Imitative learning refers to the first stage of cultural learning in the theory of cultural learning of Tomasello et al. which occurs when the learner internalizes something of the model 's behavioral strategies and intentions for executing . . .
• Incidental learning: Incidental learning refers to the retention of information even when it is not required of, or even intended by, the processor. Incidental learning means acquiring knowledge about noncentral aspects of a task or situation
• Instructed learning: Instructed learning refers to the second stage of cultural learning in the theory of cultural learning of Tomasello et al. involving a more accomplished person instructing a less accomplished person
• Interpersonal learning group: Interpersonal learning group refers to a group formed to help individuals extend their self-understanding and improve their relationships with others. Examples are Experiential group, Growth group
• Latent learning: Latent learning is learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and that remains unexpressed until reinforcement is provided. It is learning that occurs in the absence of any observable demonstration of learning and only becomes appar . . .
• Learning difficulty: Learning difficulty refers to a term covering people who experience more problems than the general population with activities that involve thinking and understanding
• Learning disorder: Learning disorder: learning disorder refers to reading, mathematics, or written expression performance substantially below the level expected relative to the person’s age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education
• Learning disorders: Learning disorders: learning disorders is a diagnostic term that refers to specific problems in reading (disorder of reading), math (disorder of mathematics), or writing ability (disorder of written expression) as determined by achievement . . .
• Learning model of addiction: Learning model of addiction refers to the model of addiction which examines the role of the environment, learning, and culture in encouraging or discouraging drug abuse and addiction
• Learning style: Learning style: Learning style refers to a consistent pattern of behavior and performance by which an individual approaches educational experiences. It results from the interaction of biological and contextual influences
• Learning theory: Learning theory refers one of the general perspectives and comprehensive theories in human developement. Learning theory concentrates on how learning influences a person's behavior
• Learning to learn: Learning to learn is when performance on later tasks is enhanced as a result of performance on earlier tasks, in which a general set of rules or approaches to a problem is acquired
• Message learning approach: Message learning approach refers to an approach to studying persuasion developed by the Yale Communication and Attitude Program that emphasizes that attitudes are verbal habits and are changed through incentives
• Nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD): Nonverbal learning disabilities: Nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) refer to learning disabilities characterized by deficits related to right-hemisphere brain functioning, such as problems in social skills, spatial
• Paragon Learning Style Inventory: Paragon Learning Style Inventory: Paragon Learning Style Inventory or PLSI refers to a self-administered survey that provides a very reliable indication of learning style and cognitive preference
• Perceptual learning: Perceptual learning is defined as the changes in how people construct sensory information into percepts that can be attributed to prior experience. It is the changes in perception that occur as a function of practice or experience with the . . .
• Prepared learning: Prepared learning refers to the ability adaptive for evolution, allowing certain associations to be learned more readily than others. Prepared learning refers to the phenomenon in which organisms are more easily able to learn about certai . . .
• Prior learning: Prior learning is a term used in the study of human sexuality that refer to things that people have learned earlier, for example, in childhood/adolesence stage, which have an effect on their sexual response or are affecting their sexual res . . .
• Shaping in learning theory: Shaping in learning theory : Shaping in learning theory refers to the gradual building of Complex Behavior patterns through Reinforcement of successive approximations of the target behavior
• Social learning: Social learning refers to a theoretical approach to the study of Behavior that is interested in both overt behaviors and the role of possible cognitive mediators that may influence such behaviors directly or indirectly
• Social learning theory: Social learning theory refers to the theory that we learn social behavior (eg. aggression) by observing others and imitating them- Other /More definition: Social learning theory refers to a brand of behaviorism that strongly emphasizes the . . .
• Verbal learning: Verbal learning refers to a field of experimental psychology which studies the formation of certain verbal associations- deals with acquisition of the associations
• Visual learning/learners: Visual learning/learners: Visual learning is one of the three (3) learning styles which refers to "learning through seeing". Visual learners are individuals who need to see the teacher's body language and facial expression to fully understa . . .
• Overlearning: Overlearning means learning or practice that continues after initial mastery of a skill- learning or practice that continues after initial mastery of a skill- practicing a task even after it has been mastered in order to retain learning
• Idiopathic Learning Disability: Idiopathic Learning Disability: IDIOPATHIC LEARNING DISABILITY : Idiopathic learning disability refers to a disorder of unknown cause.
• Learning disability: Learning disability: Learning disability : Learning Disability is a term covering people who find activities that involve thinking and understanding difficult and will need additional help and support with their everyday lives
• Observational learning: Observational learning refers to the Acquisition of expectations and skills by means of observing others.
• Declarative or episodic learning: Declarative or episodic learning refers to learning about a specific event or fact, usually accessible to consciousness.
• Employee learning: Employee learning is the method of evaluating the effectiveness of a training program by measuring how much employees learn ed from it.
• Associative learning: Associative learning refers to the formation of simple associations between various stimuli and responses.
• Cognitive learning: Cognitive learning: Cognitive learning refers to hHigher-level learning that involves thinking, knowing, understanding, and anticipation.
• Implicit learning: Implicit learning refers to Learning that occurs without explicit awareness of what has been learned.
• Insightful learning: Insightful learning refers to learning that involves perceiving the solution to a problem after a period of cognitive trial and error.
• Kinesthetic learning/learners: Kinesthetic learning/learners is one of the three (3) style of learning referring to "learning through , moving, doing and touching". Kinesthetic or tactile persons learn best through a hands-on approach, actively exploring the physical . . .
• Learning disabilities: Learning disabilities: learning disabilities refers to a general term that refers to significant problems in mastering one or more of the following skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, mathematics
• Collaborative (or guided) learning: Collaborative (or guided) learning : Collaborative (or guided) learning refers to the process of learning or acquiring new skills that occurs as novices participate in activities under the guidance of a more skillful tutor
• Configural learning: Configural learning is defined as performance of a task in which the meaning of a stimulus depends on what other stimuli are paired with it
• Contextualization of learning: Contextualization of learning means offering instruction in ways that first draw on a child's existing experiences, knowledge, and concepts and then expand them in new directions
• E-learning: E-learning is defined as the use of computer-based training (CBT) over the Web.
• Escape learning: Escape learning: Escape learning is defined as learning to make a response in order to end an aversive stimulus.
• Estimated learning potentials (ELPs): Estimated learning potentials (ELPs) : Estimated learning potentials (ELPs) is a term in the SOMPA system, WISC-R scores adjusted for the socioeconomic background of the children
• Free recall learning: Free recall learning: Free recall learning refers to the learning and recalling of a list of items.
• Learning and Memory: Learning and memory are fundamental psychological processes that allow individuals to acquire, store, and retrieve information. Learning involves the process of acquiring new information or skills, while memory refers to the ability to . . .
• Learning goal: Learning goal: Learning goal refers to state of affairs in which one’s primary objective in an achievement context is to increase one’s skills or abilities
• Transfer of Learning: Transfer of Learning: Transfer of learning in the psychology context refers to the application of knowledge, skills, or attitudes that one has acquired in one situation to a different situation

Summary

Learning in psychology is the process through which individuals acquire new knowledge or skills through experiences and practice. It is influenced by various factors such as motivation, reinforcement, and cognitive abilities. Learning plays a crucial role in human development, shaping thoughts, feelings, and actions. It can occur consciously or unconsciously and is essential for understanding behavior and cognitive processes. Overall, learning is a complex and dynamic process that is central to the field of psychology.

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