Glossary S

Stage Theory refers to a developmental theory that postulates that development proceeds in a sequence of qualitatively different stages.

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Deutsch: Stagnation / Español: estancamiento / Português: estagnação / Français: stagnation / Italiano: stagnazione

Stagnation in psychology refers to a state of psychological, emotional, or personal development in which growth is halted or significantly slowed. It often involves feelings of being stuck, unmotivated, or purposeless. In developmental psychology, stagnation is closely associated with Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, particularly in adulthood, where the opposite of stagnation is generativity—the ability to contribute meaningfully to society and future generations.

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Stammering refers to a condition that is characterised by disruptions and stoppages in fluency that interrupt the smooth flow and timing of speech. This may take the form of repetitions of sounds, syllables or words, or of prolongations of sounds so that words seem to be stretched out. Speech may sound forced, tense or jerky. People who stammer may avoid certain words or situations which they know will cause them difficulty. Stammering is not simply a speech difficulty but is a serious communication problem; it can undermine a person's self -esteem and confidence, and affect their interactions with others, as well as their employment and education potential.

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Deutsch: Standard / Español: Estándar / Português: Padrão / Français: Norme / Italiano: Standard

Standard is a level or grade of excellence regarded as a goal or measure of adequacy.

Standard in the psychology context refers to a benchmark or set of criteria used to evaluate, measure, or guide behavior, practices, or psychological assessments. In psychology, standards play a crucial role in ensuring consistency, reliability, and validity in research methods, testing procedures, and clinical practices.

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The Standard deviation refers to a measure which shows the average variability in population from the mean. It is defined as the square root of the variance. It is a measure of variation from the mean that shows how closely the scores cluster around that mean.

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Standard error (SE) refers to the variation in score that takes into account the group size.

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- Standard error (SE) : standard error (SE) refers to the variation in score that takes into account the Group size.

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Standard score refers to a score that has been converted to a standard scale in order to compare it to scores from other tests.

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