Glossary / Lexicon

Spleen

Deutsch: Milz / Español: Bazo / Português: Baço / Français: Rate / Italian: Milza

Spleen in the psychology context often refers to feelings of irritability, bad temper, or melancholy. Historically, the term "spleen" has been used metaphorically to describe these emotions, though in modern psychology, more precise terms are used to describe specific mood disorders and emotional states.

Description

In psychology, the term spleen is a metaphorical reference rather than a literal one. It originates from historical medical theories where the spleen was thought to be the source of black bile, one of the four bodily humours. An excess of black bile was believed to cause melancholia or sadness. Although these ancient theories are obsolete, the term "spleen" endures in literature and colloquial language as a poetic way to describe emotions such as irritability, anger, or melancholy.

The concept of spleen was notably present in the works of Romantic and Victorian literature, where characters often suffered from bouts of melancholia or spleen. These descriptions were used to convey a deep sense of emotional turmoil or existential ennui. In modern psychology, while the term is less commonly used, the emotions it describes are well-recognized and are typically referred to in more specific terms such as depression, anxiety, or irritability.

Special: Historical Context

Historically, the spleen was one of the four organs associated with the ancient theory of humours. According to Hippocratic medicine, the balance of the four humours (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) determined a person's physical and mental health. The spleen was thought to produce black bile, and an excess of this humour was linked to melancholic temperament.

Application Areas

While "spleen" is not a term commonly used in contemporary psychology, understanding its historical and literary significance can be valuable in several areas:

  1. Literature and Art Analysis: Exploring themes of melancholy and irritability in historical texts.
  2. Cultural Studies: Examining how historical beliefs about the spleen influence modern language and expressions.
  3. Psychotherapy and Counseling: Recognizing and addressing feelings of irritability or sadness in clients, though using modern terminology.
  4. History of Medicine: Understanding how historical medical theories influence contemporary psychological concepts.

Well-Known Examples

  1. Charles Baudelaire's "Les Fleurs du mal": The poet uses "spleen" to describe deep-seated melancholy and existential angst.
  2. Victorian Literature: Many novels from this era depict characters experiencing "spleen" or melancholia, reflecting the period's fascination with emotional depth and psychological complexity.
  3. Humoural Theory: The ancient medical concept that associates the spleen with black bile and melancholia.

Treatment and Risks

Addressing the emotions historically referred to as spleen involves modern psychological approaches:

  1. Therapy: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychotherapy can help individuals manage feelings of irritability or sadness.
  2. Medication: Antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to address underlying mood disorders.
  3. Lifestyle Changes: Exercise, diet, and mindfulness practices can improve overall mental health and reduce symptoms of irritability and melancholy.

Symptoms, Therapy, and Healing

Symptoms

  • Persistent irritability
  • Feelings of sadness or melancholy
  • Unexplained anger or frustration

Therapy

  • Cognitive-behavioural Therapy (CBT): Helps individuals reframe negative thoughts and develop healthier coping mechanisms.
  • Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR): Techniques to manage stress and improve emotional regulation.
  • Psychodynamic Therapy: Explores underlying psychological conflicts contributing to these emotions.

Healing

  • Emotional Regulation: Developing skills to manage and express emotions healthily.
  • Support Systems: Building strong relationships with friends, family, or support groups.
  • Healthy Lifestyle: Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and ensuring adequate sleep.

Similar Terms

  • Melancholia: A deep, persistent sadness or depressive state.
  • Irritability: Easily annoyed or angered; a common symptom in various mood disorders.
  • Depression: A mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and other emotional and physical symptoms.
  • Anxiety: A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.

Weblinks

Summary

In psychology, the term spleen is a historical and metaphorical reference to emotions such as irritability, anger, and melancholy. While the term itself is less used in contemporary practice, the emotions it describes are well-recognized and addressed through modern psychological approaches. Understanding the historical context of spleen provides insight into how language and cultural beliefs about emotions have evolved over time.

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