Deutsch: Methode
In psychology, a method refers to a specific procedure or approach that is used to study a particular research question or topic. Methods can be qualitative, quantitative, or a combination of both, and can involve different types of data collection and analysis techniques.
There are many different methods used in psychology, including experiments, observations, surveys, interviews, and case studies. Each method has its own strengths and limitations and is more or less appropriate for different types of research questions and settings.
When designing a study, psychologists consider a variety of factors, including the research question, the population being studied, and the resources and constraints of the study. They choose the most appropriate method based on these factors and the goals of the study.
Understanding the strengths and limitations of different methods is an important part of psychological research and can help to ensure that the results of a study are reliable and valid.
Here are a few examples of methods used in psychology:
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Experiments: These are studies in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables in order to study their effects on a particular outcome. Experiments are often used to establish cause-and-effect relationships and can be conducted in a laboratory or other controlled setting.
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Observations: These are studies in which the researcher observes and records the behavior of individuals or groups in a naturalistic setting. Observations can be structured (e.g., using a set of predetermined categories or measures) or unstructured (e.g., using open-ended observations).
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Surveys: These are studies in which the researcher collects data from a sample of individuals using a standardized questionnaire or interview. Surveys are often used to study attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors and can be conducted in person, by phone, or online.
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Interviews: These are studies in which the researcher collects data from individuals through face-to-face or telephone conversations. Interviews can be structured (e.g., using a set of predetermined questions) or unstructured (e.g., using open-ended questions).
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Case studies: These are in-depth studies of a single individual or group, typically involving multiple sources of data such as observations, interviews, and records. Case studies are often used to study rare or unusual phenomena or to explore specific issues in depth.
- Longitudinal studies: These are studies that involve collecting data from the same individuals or groups over an extended period of time. Longitudinal studies can help to identify trends and changes over time and can provide insight into the development of certain phenomena.
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Cross-sectional studies: These are studies that involve collecting data from different age groups or other groups at a single point in time. Cross-sectional studies can help to identify differences between groups and can provide insight into the relationships between variables.
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Meta-analyses: These are studies that involve synthesizing the results of multiple studies in order to draw more general conclusions. Meta-analyses are often used to evaluate the overall strength of the evidence on a particular topic and can provide a more comprehensive understanding of a particular phenomenon.
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Ethnographic studies: These are studies that involve collecting data from a specific cultural group through observations, interviews, and other methods. Ethnographic studies can provide insight into the cultural norms, values, and beliefs of a particular group.
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Qualitative research: This is a type of research that involves collecting and analyzing data in a more open-ended and interpretive way, using methods such as observations, interviews, and focus groups. Qualitative research is often used to explore complex phenomena in depth and to gain a more nuanced understanding of people's experiences and perspectives.
Other Definition:
Method may be defined as a section of a technical paper that describes in detail the operations performed by the experimenter; section of a scientific paper that explains what was done in the experiment
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