Persuasive-arguments theory is an explanation of polarization in groups assuming that group members change their opinions during group discussion, generally adopting the position favored by the majority of the members, because the group can generate more arguments favoring that position.

Perturbation means heightened psychological disturbance in a person's life

Pervasive developmental disorder refers to a psychiatric disorder characterised by social, communicative and behavioural deficits.

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- Pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) : Pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) refers to a disorder in which the child displays social, communication, and behavioral impairments associated with PDD, but does not meet the criteria for PDD, schizophrenia, or other disorders.

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- Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) : pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) is a category of disorders characterized by severe and extensive impairments in social interaction and communication skills, along with stereotyped patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities.

Pessimism in Psychology: Understanding, Examples, Recommendations, and Healing

Understanding Pessimism:

Pessimism, in the context of psychology, is a cognitive and emotional disposition characterized by a negative outlook on life and a tendency to expect unfavorable outcomes in various situations. It is the opposite of optimism, which involves a positive and hopeful perspective. Pessimistic individuals often interpret events and experiences through a pessimistic filter, which can impact their mental health and overall well-being.

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Deutsch: Pessimist / Español: Pesimista / Português: Pessimista / Français: Pessimiste / Italiano: Pessimista

A pessimist is someone who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen. In the context of psychology, this term describes a personality trait characterized by a general tendency towards negative expectations about the future and the interpretation of life events. Pessimists often anticipate undesirable outcomes and may focus more on potential threats and risks rather than opportunities and positive aspects.

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Pessimistic explanatory style refers to a chronic tendency to explain negative events as due to internal, stable, and global qualities of the self and to attribute positive events to external, unstable, and non-global factors. It is believed to contribute to the likelihood of illness.