Glossary P

Peter Principle refers to the idea that organizations tend to promote good employees until they reach the level at which they are not competent, in other words, their highest level of incompetence.

- Peterson, Seligman, and Valliant (1988) : Peterson, Seligman, and Valliant Psychologists who in 1988 studied Optimists and Pessimists. The three (3) suggested that Pessimists tended to explain setbacks in their lives as the result of things within their personality that were unchangeable. In contrast, Optimists tended to explain setbacks as the result of things arising from situations within their control, but which were not their own fault.

Petit mal seizure is a term which literall means "little bad" seizure that causes an altered state of consciousness, but lacks the violent physical loss of control seen during the Grand mal seizure.

Petites perceptions is a term which according to Leibniz refer to a perception that occurs below the level of awareness because only a few monads are involved.

Peyote is a type of a Cactus plant, the top of which called a "button" is dried and ingested for its hallucinogenic properties

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Peyronie’s disease is defined as the abnormal calcifications in the penis, which may cause painful curvature, usually making sexual intercourse impossible.

PGO wave refers to pattern of high-amplitude electrical potentials that occurs first in the Pons, then in the Lateral geniculate, and finally in the Occipital cortex

pH is defined as a measure of the acidity of a solution; calculated as the negative log10 of the [H+] in which 7 is neutral; values that are >7 are basic and <7 are acidic.