Glossary P

Polysomnography is a diagnostic test used to study a person's sleep patterns and detect sleep disorders. It involves monitoring and recording various physiological variables during sleep, such as brain waves, eye movements, muscle activity, heart rate, and breathing patterns.

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- Polysomnography (PSG) : Polysomnography or PSG refers to the the recording of different biological factors during sleep that include brain waves, muscle tension, and eye movement.

polysubstance use refers to the use of multiple mind and behavior-altering substances, such as drugs.

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Polytomous format refers to a format for Objective tests in which three (3) or more alternative responses are given for each item. Polytomous format is popular for multiple-choice examinations. Polytomous format is also called Polychotomous format.

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Deutsch: nachdenken, überlegen / Español: reflexionar, considerar / Português: ponderar, refletir / Français: réfléchir, considérer / Italiano: ponderare, riflettere

The term ponder describes a deliberate and thoughtful process of considering something carefully before forming an opinion or making a decision. It is a cognitive activity that involves weighing options, analyzing implications, and reflecting on potential outcomes. Unlike quick or instinctive reactions, pondering requires time and mental engagement to explore complexities.

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Pons refers to the part of the brain that controls REM and NREM sleep. Pons is a structure in the hindbrain that acts as a neural relay center, a relay station that contains neural fibers that pass signals from one part of the brain to another and facilitating the "crossover" of information between the left side of the body and the right side of the brain and vice versa.

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Pontomesencephalon refers to a part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal by axons that release Acetylcholine and Glutamate in the Basal forebrain and Thalamus

Ponzo illusion is defined as an illusion of size in which two (2) objects of equal size that are positioned between two (2) converging lines appear to be different in size. Ponzo illusion is also called the Railroad track illusion.