Glossary S

Glossary S

sleep terror refers to the episode of apparent awakening from sleep which is accompanied by signs of panic and followed by disorientation and amnesia for the incident. Sleep terrors occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep and so do not involve frightening dreams.

sleep terrors refers to a form of parasomnia that occurs during deep sleep and is characterized by abrupt awakening, accompanied by autonomic arousal but no recall.

Deutsch: Schläfer / Español: Durmiente / Português: Adormecido / Français: Endormi / Italiano: Dormiente

Sleeper in the psychology context, often referred to as the sleeper effect, is a phenomenon where a message or information initially has little to no persuasive impact on an individual but becomes more influential over time. This effect is usually observed in situations where the message is accompanied by a discounting cue, such as a dubious source or weak argument, which initially undermines its persuasiveness. Over time, however, the association with the discounting cue diminishes, and the message gains influence, seemingly "sneaking up" on the individual.

Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia). It has distinct meanings and causes. It can refer to the usual state preceding falling asleep, the condition of being in a drowsy state due to circadian rhythm disorders, or a symptom of other health problems. It can be accompanied by lethargy, weakness and lack of mental agility.

Deutsch: Schlafen / Español: Dormir / Português: Dormir / Français: Dormir / Italiano: Dormire

Sleeping in psychology refers to the natural, recurring state of rest that is essential for physical and mental health. It involves several phases, including REM (rapid eye movement) and non-REM sleep, each playing critical roles in brain function and overall health. Sleeping is also a state in which a baby alternates from being still and breathing regularly to moving gently and breathing irregularly; the eyes are closed throughout.

In psychology, "sleeplessness" refers to the condition of chronic insomnia or persistent sleep difficulties that significantly impact an individual's physical and mental well-being. It is characterized by the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, resulting in sleep deprivation and its associated consequences. Sleeplessness is a prevalent issue with multifaceted causes and consequences that extend beyond simple fatigue. In this article, we will explore the concept of sleeplessness in psychology, provide examples, discuss potential risks and application areas, offer recommendations for managing and treating sleeplessness, and briefly touch upon historical and legal perspectives. Finally, we will list some similar psychological concepts related to sleep and its disorders.

sleepwalking is a form of parasomnia that occurs during deep sleep, in which the individual gets out of bed and walks around but has no recall of such activity upon awakening.

Deutsch: Spezifische Lernstörungen / Español: Trastornos Específicos del Aprendizaje / Português: Transtornos Específicos de Aprendizagem / Français: Troubles Spécifiques des Apprentissages / Italiano: Disturbi Specifici dell'Apprendimento

In the context of psychology, SLI stands for Specific Language Impairment. It is a condition characterized by difficulties acquiring and using language due to the absence of sensory impairments, nonverbal intelligence within the normal range, and no apparent neurological disorder. SLI affects both understanding and producing spoken language, which is not consistent with the individual's cognitive abilities, potentially impacting reading, writing, and social interaction.