Glossary C

Glossary C

Conformity to norms refers to one (1) of the three (3) major definitions of Abnormal behavior, this definition labels behavior as abnormal if it violates cultural norms.

confound refers to any factor occurring in a study that makes the results uninterpretable because its effects cannot be separated from those of the variables being studied.

Confounding refers to any situation in which one cannot determine which of two (2) or more effects is responsible for the behaviors being observed.

Confounding effects refers to rival explanations, also called competing hypotheses, which are threats to the internal or external Validity of any Research design.

confounding variable refers to variable in a research study that was not part of the intended design and that may contribute to changes in the dependent variable.

Confrontation refers to the commonly used skill in which the clinician/therapist first builds a trusting relationship then gently encourages the client to change. Based on the clinician recognizing one of four client discrepancies: values and behavior, feelings and behavior, idealized self and real self, and expressed feelings and underlying. Five types: You/but statements, asking client to justify the discrepancy, reframing, irony or satire, and higher level empathy. Confrontation, moreover is a statement that points out a discrepancy or inconsistency.

- Confrontative (vigilant) coping style : Confrontative (vigilant) coping style refers to the tendency to cope with stressful events by tackling them directly and attempting to develop solutions.Although it may produce accompanying distress, it may ultimately be an especially effective method of coping,

Confusion refers to a change in mental status in which a person is not able to think with his or her usual level of clarity. More often, Confusion leads to the loss of ability to recognize people and or places, or tell time and the date. Feelings of disorientation are common in Confusion, and decision-making ability is impaired. Confusion has multiple causes, including injuries, medical conditions, medications, environmental factors, and substance abuse. Confusion may arise suddenly or develop gradually over time.