Glossary E
Glossary E
Expansions refer to fuller and more detailed versions of what a child has just said provided by an adult or older child
Expectable environment refer to external conditions or surroundings that are considered to be fundamental and necessary for healthy development. The expectable environment for infants
Expectancies refer to expectations about one's ability to perform, the consequences of one's behavior, and the meaning of events in one's environment.
Expectancy effects refers to the tendency for results to be influenced by what experimenters or test administrators expect to find. Expectancy effects is also known as the Rosenthal effect, after the psychologist who has studied this problem intensively.
Expectancy model refers to an approach to alcohol dependence that focuses on cognitive-behavioral and social learning perspectives. According to this view, people acquire the belief that alcohol will reduce stress ; will make them feel more competent socially, physically, and sexually; and will give them feelings of pleasure.
Expectancy theory refers to Vroom’s theory that motivation is a function of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
Expectancy-value theory refers to cognitive approach to motivation that describes decision-making as involving a sort of mental calculus where the most important factors are expectancy of success (feelings of self efficacy) on the one hand, and the values associated with the various options on the other.