Glossary L

Glossary L

Lev Semionovich Vygotsky (1896-1934) Vygotsky was born in Russia in the same year as Piaget. Vygotsky was not trained in science but received a law degree from the Moscow University.

Deutsch: Ebene / Español: Nivel / Português: Nível / Français: Niveau / Italiano: Livello /

Level refers to the degree of behavior change with different interventions (for example, high or low).

Level I abilities is Jensen’s term for lower-level intellectual abilities, such as attention and short-term memory that are important for simple association learning.

Level II abilities refers to Jensen’s term for higher-level cognitive skills that are involved in abstract reasoning and problem solving.

Level of analysis refer to the views of ourselves that reside at different levels of conscious awareness. Level of analysis also refers to the specific focus of study chosen from a graded or nested sequence of possible foci. An individual-level analysis examines specific individuals in the group, a group-level analysis focuses on the group as a unit, and an organized level examines the individual nested in the group, which is, in turn, nested in the organizational context.

Deutsch: Erregungsniveau / Español: Nivel de Activación / Português: Nível de Excitação / Français: Niveau d'Excitation / Italian: Livello di Attivazione

Level of arousal in the psychology context refers to the degree of physiological and psychological activation or alertness an individual experiences at any given moment. It involves the state of being awake and responsive to stimuli, which can range from deep sleep or relaxation at the low end to high excitement or anxiety at the high end. The concept of arousal is crucial in understanding how people perform tasks, respond to stress, and manage emotions.

Level of significance refers to the statistical probability required by scientists to say it is unlikely that an observed characteristic of a sample is due to chance rather than being true of the underlying population.

Levels of processing is defined as a framework for studying memory that predicts that semantic or "deeper" encoding tasks will produce better memory for the material than perceptual or "shallow" encoding tasks