Glossary I
Glossary I
In psychology, instrumental refers to behaviors that are aimed at achieving a specific goal or outcome. These behaviors are purposeful and are often motivated by external rewards such as praise, recognition, or financial compensation. Instrumental behaviors can be contrasted with expressive behaviors, which are aimed at expressing emotions, building relationships,, or fulfilling personal needs.
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living or IADLs refer to actions that entail some intellectual competence and planning. Instrumental activities of daily living also refer to household or independent living tasks that include taking medications, using the telephone, money management, meal preparation, housework, laundry and food shopping.
Deutsch: Instrumentelle Aggression / Español: Agresión instrumental / Português: Agressão instrumental / Français: Agression instrumentale / Italiano: Aggressione strumentale
Instrumental aggression is a form of aggression that is intended to achieve a specific goal. Unlike impulsive aggression, which is characterized by acts of aggression that are carried out in the heat of the moment without forethought, instrumental aggression is premeditated and calculated. This type of aggression is used as a means to an end, such as gaining power, obtaining resources, or achieving a desired outcome.
Instrumental conditioning refers to the case whereby behaviors that people freely choose to perform increase or decrease in frequency, depending on whether they are followed by positive reinforcement or punishment ; conditioning in which a subject learns to make a response that leads to a reward or prevents a punishment; in contrast to classical conditioning, no eliciting stimulus is presented
Instrumental decay is a psychological concept that refers to the decline in behavior that occurs when the reinforcement that previously maintained the behavior is no longer present. This decay occurs over time and can result in a complete cessation of the behavior.