Glossary I

Glossary I

Instructed learning refers to the second stage of cultural learning in the theory of cultural learning of Tomasello et al. involving a more accomplished person instructing a less accomplished person. Instructed learning requires that children learn about the adult, specifically about the adult's understanding of the task and how that compares with their own understanding; contrast with imitative learning, collaborative learning. (see Cultural learning)

Deutsch: Anweisung / Español: Instrucción / Português: Instrução / Français: Instruction / Italiano: Istruzione /

An Instruction is defined as the part of methods and processes by which pupils' behaviors are changed.

Instructional assessment refers to the collection, synthesis, and interpretation of information needed to make decisions about planning or carrying out instruction.

Instructional objectives are specific objectives used to plan daily lessons.

In psychology, instrumental refers to behaviors that are aimed at achieving a specific goal or outcome. These behaviors are purposeful and are often motivated by external rewards such as praise, recognition, or financial compensation. Instrumental behaviors can be contrasted with expressive behaviors, which are aimed at expressing emotions, building relationships,, or fulfilling personal needs.

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living or IADLs refer to actions that entail some intellectual competence and planning. Instrumental activities of daily living also refer to household or independent living tasks that include taking medications, using the telephone, money management, meal preparation, housework, laundry and food shopping.

Deutsch: Instrumentelle Aggression / Español: Agresión instrumental / Português: Agressão instrumental / Français: Agression instrumentale / Italiano: Aggressione strumentale

Instrumental aggression is a form of aggression that is intended to achieve a specific goal. Unlike impulsive aggression, which is characterized by acts of aggression that are carried out in the heat of the moment without forethought, instrumental aggression is premeditated and calculated. This type of aggression is used as a means to an end, such as gaining power, obtaining resources, or achieving a desired outcome.

Instrumental behaviors refer to behaviors directed toward the achievement of some goal ; behaviors that are instrumental in producing some effect.